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Lower Guangsheng Temple, front hall (or former Buddha's Temple), interior
  • Title Translation: å¹æ胜äø‹åÆŗ , 前ę®æ(ęˆ–å‰ä½›åÆŗ)ć€å†…éƒØ
  • Period: Eastern Han, Yuan, 147 C.E., 1271-1368 C.E.
  • Project: Guangsheng Temple Murals
  • Work Description: The lower temple is made up by the temple gate, front hall, back hall (or Daxiong Temple), the buttress hall and other buildings that were all built in the Yuan Dynasty. The temple gate is rather high. It is 3-bay wide and 3-bay long with single-eaved gable and hip roof. Canopies added to the front and back eaves make it like a pavilion with double eaves. The front hall is five-bay wide with only two pillars supporting the whole hall. The back hall (or Daxiong Temple) was built in the second year (1309) of the Zhida reign of the Yuan Dynasty. It is 7-bay wide with 9 purlins, 8 rafters and a single-eaved overhanging gable roof. The main statues in the hall are Amitabha Buddha, Sakyamuni Buddha, Bhaisajyaguru Buddha, Manjusri Bodhisattva, and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva. They were all made in the Yuan Dynasty. Murals were once covered on the walls, but they were removed and shipped to the United States in 1928. The mural on the south wall recorded the performance of Yuan Drama. It is rare reference material for study on Chinese dramas.

Lower Guangsheng Temple, guide map
  • Title Translation: å¹æ胜äø‹åÆŗ , åƼęøø图
  • Period: Eastern Han, Yuan, 147 C.E., 1271-1368 C.E.
  • Project: Guangsheng Temple Murals
  • Work Description: The lower temple is made up by the temple gate, front hall, back hall (or Daxiong Temple), the buttress hall and other buildings that were all built in the Yuan Dynasty. The temple gate is rather high. It is 3-bay wide and 3-bay long with single-eaved gable and hip roof. Canopies added to the front and back eaves make it like a pavilion with double eaves. The front hall is five-bay wide with only two pillars supporting the whole hall. The back hall (or Daxiong Temple) was built in the second year (1309) of the Zhida reign of the Yuan Dynasty. It is 7-bay wide with 9 purlins, 8 rafters and a single-eaved overhanging gable roof. The main statues in the hall are Amitabha Buddha, Sakyamuni Buddha, Bhaisajyaguru Buddha, Manjusri Bodhisattva, and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva. They were all made in the Yuan Dynasty. Murals were once covered on the walls, but they were removed and shipped to the United States in 1928. The mural on the south wall recorded the performance of Yuan Drama. It is rare reference material for study on Chinese dramas.

Water God's Temple (Shuishen Temple) of the Guangsheng Monastery, Ming Ying King Hall (or Mingyingwang Temple), fresco
  • Title Translation: å¹æ胜åÆŗę°“ē„žåŗ™ , ꘎åŗ”ēŽ‹ę®æ, 壁ē”»
  • Period: Eastern Han, Ming, 147 C.E., 1368-1644 C.E.
  • Project: Guangsheng Temple Murals
  • Work Description: The Water God's Temple has two yards: the front yard and the back yard, and includes the Temple Gate, the Door of Amenity, the Ming Ying King Hall and wing-rooms of cave dwellings. The Ming Ying King Hall is 5-bay wide and 5-bay long with a cloister around and a double-eaved gable hip roof. Beams inside are of common style. The hall houses statues of Water God Ming Ying King and his eleven attendants. Their facial features, clothes and gestures are all of Yuan style. Frescoes about people praying for the rain and other historical stories covered the walls, occupying an area of 197 square meters. The pictures of dramas at the eastern end of the south wall show a complete set of stage property for the performers: costumes, stage instruments, musical instruments, makeup, curtain, stage, and so on. The drawing was strictly arranged, the color was simple but profound, and dramatis personae were expressive. This fresco reflects the true condition of Yuan Drama in its peak time; it is a rare fine work of Yuan frescoes in China.

Upper Guangsheng Temple, exterior
  • Title Translation: å¹æ胜äøŠåÆŗ , 外éƒØ
  • Period: Eastern Han, Ming, 147 C.E., 1368-1644 C.E.
  • Project: Guangsheng Temple Murals
  • Work Description: The upper temple complex comprises the mountain gate, the Flying Rainbow Tower, the Amitabha Hall, the Great Hall, the Vairochana Hall, the Kwan-yin Hall, the Ksitigarbha Hall, as well as wing-rooms and corridors, among other features. The Mountain Gate, situated at the entrance, is flanked by two guardian warriors. Just beyond the gate stands the impressive Flying Rainbow Tower, constructed from colored glaze bricks. Originally built during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) and later restored in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), this thirteen-story tower soars to a height of 47.31 meters, featuring an octagonal plan. The tower is adorned with tri-colored glaze in yellow, green, and blue, creating a splendid and vibrant spectacle. Elaborate wooden square blocks and intricately carved designs of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, guardian warriors, flowers, birds, and animals adorn the eaves and pillars. Corridors encircle the first story, while the towerā€™s interior houses only the stairs leading to the tenth floor, showcasing remarkable architectural and artistic prowess.

Upper Guangsheng Temple, Vairocana Hall (or Pilu Temple or Tianzhongtian Temple), interior
  • Title Translation: å¹æ胜äøŠåÆŗ , ęƗ卢ę®æļ¼ˆęˆ–ęƗ卢åÆŗęˆ–å¤©äø­å¤©åÆŗļ¼‰, 内éƒØ
  • Period: Eastern Han, Ming, 147 C.E., 1368-1644 C.E.
  • Project: Guangsheng Temple Murals
  • Work Description: The upper temple complex comprises the mountain gate, the Flying Rainbow Tower, the Amitabha Hall, the Great Hall, the Vairochana Hall, the Kwan-yin Hall, the Ksitigarbha Hall, as well as wing-rooms and corridors, among other features. The Mountain Gate, situated at the entrance, is flanked by two guardian warriors. Just beyond the gate stands the impressive Flying Rainbow Tower, constructed from colored glaze bricks. Originally built during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) and later restored in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), this thirteen-story tower soars to a height of 47.31 meters, featuring an octagonal plan. The tower is adorned with tri-colored glaze in yellow, green, and blue, creating a splendid and vibrant spectacle. Elaborate wooden square blocks and intricately carved designs of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, guardian warriors, flowers, birds, and animals adorn the eaves and pillars. Corridors encircle the first story, while the towerā€™s interior houses only the stairs leading to the tenth floor, showcasing remarkable architectural and artistic prowess.

Upper Guangsheng Temple, Amitabha Hall (or Mito Hall), seated Buddha
  • Title Translation: å¹æ胜äøŠåÆŗ , é˜æ弄陀堂, 坐佛
  • Period: Eastern Han, Ming, 147 C.E., 1368-1644 C.E.
  • Project: Guangsheng Temple Murals
  • Work Description: The upper temple complex comprises the mountain gate, the Flying Rainbow Tower, the Amitabha Hall, the Great Hall, the Vairochana Hall, the Kwan-yin Hall, the Ksitigarbha Hall, as well as wing-rooms and corridors, among other features. The Mountain Gate, situated at the entrance, is flanked by two guardian warriors. Just beyond the gate stands the impressive Flying Rainbow Tower, constructed from colored glaze bricks. Originally built during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) and later restored in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), this thirteen-story tower soars to a height of 47.31 meters, featuring an octagonal plan. The tower is adorned with tri-colored glaze in yellow, green, and blue, creating a splendid and vibrant spectacle. Elaborate wooden square blocks and intricately carved designs of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, guardian warriors, flowers, birds, and animals adorn the eaves and pillars. Corridors encircle the first story, while the towerā€™s interior houses only the stairs leading to the tenth floor, showcasing remarkable architectural and artistic prowess.

Upper Guangsheng Temple, Vairocana Hall (or Pilu Temple or Tianzhongtian Temple), eaves
  • Title Translation: å¹æ胜äøŠåÆŗ , ęƗ卢ę®æļ¼ˆęˆ–ęƗ卢åÆŗęˆ–å¤©äø­å¤©åÆŗļ¼‰, ęŖ
  • Period: Eastern Han, Ming, 147 C.E., 1368-1644 C.E.
  • Project: Guangsheng Temple Murals
  • Work Description: The upper temple complex comprises the mountain gate, the Flying Rainbow Tower, the Amitabha Hall, the Great Hall, the Vairochana Hall, the Kwan-yin Hall, the Ksitigarbha Hall, as well as wing-rooms and corridors, among other features. The Mountain Gate, situated at the entrance, is flanked by two guardian warriors. Just beyond the gate stands the impressive Flying Rainbow Tower, constructed from colored glaze bricks. Originally built during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) and later restored in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), this thirteen-story tower soars to a height of 47.31 meters, featuring an octagonal plan. The tower is adorned with tri-colored glaze in yellow, green, and blue, creating a splendid and vibrant spectacle. Elaborate wooden square blocks and intricately carved designs of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, guardian warriors, flowers, birds, and animals adorn the eaves and pillars. Corridors encircle the first story, while the towerā€™s interior houses only the stairs leading to the tenth floor, showcasing remarkable architectural and artistic prowess.

Upper Guangsheng Temple, surroundings
  • Title Translation: å¹æ胜äøŠåÆŗ , å‘Ø囓ēŽÆ境
  • Period: Eastern Han, Ming, 147 C.E., 1368-1644 C.E.
  • Project: Guangsheng Temple Murals
  • Work Description: The upper temple complex comprises the mountain gate, the Flying Rainbow Tower, the Amitabha Hall, the Great Hall, the Vairochana Hall, the Kwan-yin Hall, the Ksitigarbha Hall, as well as wing-rooms and corridors, among other features. The Mountain Gate, situated at the entrance, is flanked by two guardian warriors. Just beyond the gate stands the impressive Flying Rainbow Tower, constructed from colored glaze bricks. Originally built during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) and later restored in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), this thirteen-story tower soars to a height of 47.31 meters, featuring an octagonal plan. The tower is adorned with tri-colored glaze in yellow, green, and blue, creating a splendid and vibrant spectacle. Elaborate wooden square blocks and intricately carved designs of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, guardian warriors, flowers, birds, and animals adorn the eaves and pillars. Corridors encircle the first story, while the towerā€™s interior houses only the stairs leading to the tenth floor, showcasing remarkable architectural and artistic prowess.

Buddha Seated
  • Title Translation: 坐佛
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The sculpture has recently been attributed to the upper level Cave 3.

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛夓
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is that of the seated Maitreya Buddha on the east wall of Cave 6.

Bodhisattva Relief
  • Title Translation: č©čØ굮雕
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The relief sculpture is a composite of numerous fragments.

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛夓
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is from the Buddha on the east wall of Cave 1.

Bodhisattva Standing
  • Title Translation: ē«‹č©čØ
  • Period: unknown, unknown
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The reddish sandstone figure is not known to be from any of the Tianlongshan caves.

Guardian Standing
  • Title Translation: 天ēŽ‹ć€ęŠ¤ę³•åŠ›å£«ē«‹åƒ
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The muscular body and fierce expression of this door guardian from Cave 17 create a vivid impression of strength.

Bodhisattva Standing
  • Title Translation: ē«‹č©čØ
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This figure and the other standing bodhisattva in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art are a pair that once stood on opposite walls of Cave 4.

Flying Divinity
  • Title Translation: 飞天
  • Period: unknown, unknown
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The flying figure is very similar to apsarases from Caves 2 and 3, but it cannot be attributed to any known cave.

Flying Divinity
  • Title Translation: 飞天
  • Period: unknown, unknown
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The flying divinity carving is not known to be from any existing cave at Tianlongshan.

Flying Divinity
  • Title Translation: 飞天
  • Period: unknown, unknown
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The flying divinity is attributed to Tianlongshan, but it is not known to be from any existing cave at the site.

Lion Torso
  • Title Translation: ē‹®čŗ«
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The lion is believed to be the mount of the bodhisattva Manjusri formerly in Cave 20.

Flying Divinity
  • Title Translation: 飞天
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The fluttering scarves and clouds surrounding the figure give it a sense of flight and movement.

Flying Divinity
  • Title Translation: 飞天
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The heavenly figure in flight looking backward is from the ceiling of Cave 3.

Disciple Relief
  • Title Translation: å¼Ÿå­ęµ®é›•
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The elderly disciple Kasyapa, together with the youthful Ananda, represent the Buddha's initial monastic followers.

Flying Divinity
  • Title Translation: 飞天
  • Period: unknown, unknown
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The flying divinity playing a drum is not known to be from any existing Tianlongshan cave.

Disciple Relief
  • Title Translation: å¼Ÿå­ęµ®é›•
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: Two figures of disciples, one youthful and one elderly, frequently appear together as attendants of the Buddha.

Disciple Relief
  • Title Translation: å¼Ÿå­ęµ®é›•
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The elderly disciple Kasyapa holds an incense burner in his hands.