CENTER FOR THE ART OF EAST ASIA
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47 Harvard Art Museums 32 Osaka City Museum of Fine Arts 32 private collection 31 unknown 26 National Museum of Asian Art 21 Museum Rietberg 19 University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology 16 Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art 14 Nezu Art Museum 13 Asian Art Museum of San Francisco 13 Tokyo National Museum 10 Cleveland Museum of Art 10 Columbia University 10 Metropolitan Museum of Art 8 Museo nazionale d’arte orientale 8 Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde 7 San Diego Museum of Art 6 Barnes Foundation 6 British Museum 6 Honolulu Museum of Art 6 Koninklijk Instituut voor het Kunstpatrimonium 6 National Museum of China 6 Philadelphia Museum of Art 6 Victoria and Albert Museum 5 Tsz Shan Monastery Buddhist Art Museum 4 Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst 4 Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 4 Royal Ontario Museum 4 University of Tokyo, Museum of Art and History 3 Art Institute of Chicago 3 Columbia University, Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library 2 Clark Art Institute 2 Detroit Institute of Arts 2 Idemitsu Museum of Art 2 J. J. Lally & Co. New York 2 Masaki Art Museum 2 Miho Museum 2 Minneapolis Institute of Arts 2 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 2 Museum of Oriental Ceramics, Osaka 2 National Gallery of Victoria 2 Ohara Museum of Art 2 Rijksmuseum 2 Seattle Art Museum 2 Villa I Tatti 2 Virginia Museum of Fine Arts 2 Wadsworth Atheneum 1 Aurora Art Museum 1 Brooklyn Museum of Art 1 Guimet Museum 1 Kosetsu Museum of Art 1 Morgan Library & Museum 1 Palace Museum 1 Portland Art Museum 1 Rhode Island School of Design, Museum of Art
Buddha Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 佛头 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
  • Work Description: At the Xiangtangshan Buddhist sites in Hebei province, cave-temple construction and image-making were supported by the Northern Qi imperial court and nobility. Under the constant shadow of political uncertainty and the theory of the "Law of the Decadence" (or mofa, the deterioration of the True Law after the historical Buddha’s attainment of nirvana), the Buddhist faith was embraced as the ideal for rulership. The Buddha’s smile offers reassurance and consolation.
550 - 577

Disciple Mahakasyapa, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 门徒摩诃迦叶 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
  • Work Description: Mahakasyapa, the disciple of Shakyamuni, is presented with closed eyes in an expression of meditative concentration. He is holding a reliquary for the Buddha’s ashes, which symbolize the Buddha entering final spiritual attainment (nirvana) at death. The artistic simplicity exemplifies the spiritual content of this figure.
550 - 577

Buddha Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 佛头 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Monster Kneeling, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 跪鬼神 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Musician Flute, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 长笛乐伎 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Monster Kneeling, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 跪鬼神 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Buddha Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 佛头 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Buddha Hand, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 佛手 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Standing, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 菩萨立像 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
  • Work Description: Statue of bodhisattva made of hard, dark-grey limestone which has stained and discolored with age. There are traces of green, red and blue pigment on the piece. It is almost identical with C113 but there is no figure in the aureole of the tiara. C113, C150 and C151 are from Cave #2 of the Southern Xiangtangshan. C150 could be from the front shrine, one of the three shrines surrounded by the central pillar.
550 - 577

Pratyekabuddha Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 辟支佛(缘觉)头 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Hand, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 菩萨手 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Standing, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 菩萨立像 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
  • Work Description: This free-standing Bodhisattva is related to the image style of the Xiangtangshan cave temples and stylistically dates to about the same time, ca. 560s–70s during the Northern Qi Dynasty in northeastern China. It possesses the characteristically columnar form of the Xiangtangshan sculptures, though the jewel forms appear slightly more subdued than usual. The posture is frontal and unbending, indicating, as with the Xiangtangshan sculptures in general, a sense of inner, irrevocable solidity and firmness. The human body is disclosed in its most primordial shape with thin, close-fitting robes smoothing out the surfaces. Jewelry makes its own symmetric patterns of heavy, raised, textured pearl chains, X-crossed in shape as they cover the frontal expanse and contrast with the sharp edges of the bands of the hems and long shoulder scarves that descend as a framing statement to the lotus pedestal. A youthful, serene face appears remote and distant, though still human, above the rather massive form. Impressive in its monumentality, this bodhisattva exemplifies the sixth-century style of early Buddhist art in China. He stands on a lotus pedestal, which signals his transcendent nature as a being that has surpassed the mundane human state in knowledge and compassion. The mass of his body and the equal distribution of weight on both feet impart an iconic quality to this object of worship.
550 - 577

Monster Kneeling
  • Title Translation: 跪鬼神
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Musician Sheng
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
  • Work Description: This magnificent sculpture comes from an important complex of mountainside Buddhist shrines hewn from the living rock at Xiangtangshan in Hebei province. It originally belonged to a full-length statue of a bodhisattva (an enlightened being who has postponed nirvana in order to help achieve salvation for others); the vase in the center of the crown may identify the figure as Mahāsthāmaprāpta, one of the Eight Great Bodhisattvas of Mahayana Buddhism. The principal grottoes at Xiangtangshan were carved during the short-lived Northern Qi dynasty (550-77), which ruled much of northern China prior to the reunification of the country in 589 under the Sui (589-618).
550 - 577

Guardian King
  • Title Translation: 天王、护法力士
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
  • Work Description: According to Buddhist tradition, when the young prince Sakyamuni resolved to seek spiritual enlightenment, he discarded his courtly garments and cut off his long hair. In Indian and East Asian sculpture, the tonsured Buddha is occasionally shown as bald, but more often he is portrayed as seen here, with a head of tiny, snail-shaped curls. This head of a Buddha was originally part of an impressive sculptural diorama of life-size figures carved into the living rock at Xiangtangshan (Mountain of Echoing Halls), a site not far from the Northern Qi capital of Ye. More than ten caves were excavated at Xiangtangshan during the third quarter of the sixth century, under the patronage of the Northern Qi ruling family and nobles.
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Standing
  • Title Translation: 菩萨立像
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
  • Work Description: Statue of bodhisattva made of hard, dark-grey limestone which has stained and discolored with age. There are traces of green, red and blue pigment on the piece. It is almost identical with C113 but there is no figure in the aureole of the tiara. C113, C150 and C151 are from Cave #2 of the Southern Xiangtangshan. C150 could be from the front shrine, one of the three shrines surrounded by the central pillar.
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Hand
  • Title Translation: 菩萨手
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Monster Kneeling
  • Title Translation: 跪鬼神
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Buddha Hand
  • Title Translation: 佛手
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is believed to be from a standing figure on the west wall of Cave 17.
618 - 907

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This head is that of the Buddha seated in the north wall niche of Cave 1.
550 - 577

Guardian Head
  • Title Translation: 天王、护法力士头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head with frowning expression comes from a guardian figure on the south wall of Cave 10 in Tianlongshan.
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is from a bodhisattva on the north (back) wall, west side of the Buddha. The standing figure from which it comes is now in the Rietberg Museum, Zurich.
618 - 907